Colon Cancer, which is also known as colorectal cancer when including the rectum, has emerged as one of the most significant health challenges for this generation. Colon cancer affects the large intestine, and has become one of the most common cancers in the world. In 2020 alone this has caused nearly 1.9 million new cases and over 930,000 deaths. Despite advances in detection and treatment, the cases of colon cancer are rapidly increasing. This cancer is projected to cause nearly 3.2 million new cases and 1.6 million new deaths yearly by 2040.
Understanding Colon Cancer
Colon cancer starts in the body when cells in the colon begin to grow out of control. These cells may be called the polyps. But not all the polyps are dangerous; some can turn into cancer over time. If the cancer is not found early, it can spread to other parts of the body and become much harder to treat.
Who Is At Risk?
Anyone can get colon cancer, but some people may get it more than others. Given below are some of the things that can increase the risk:
- Age: Most cases occur in people above the age of 50. But younger people can get it too. So young people also need to be aware of it.
- Family History: If someone in their family has already had this disease, their risk of developing it is higher.
- Diet: The risk of developing colon cancer may increase if someone eats a lot of red meat or processed foods.
- Lifestyle: Not doing enough exercise, being overweight, smoking and drinking a lot of alcohol can also increase the risk of developing colon cancer.
- Health Problems: People with diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis have a higher risk.
What Are The Signs Of Colon Cancer
Colon cancer may not show symptoms at first. This is one reason why it is sometimes called a “silent” disease. Common symptoms include:
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Blood in your stool (poop)
- Stomach pain, cramps, or bloating
- Feeling very tired or weak
- Losing weight without trying
Why Are More Young People Getting Colon Cancer?
It used to be that colon cancer was mostly seen in older adults. However, it is now being found more often in individuals under the age of 50. Scientists do not currently understand the reasons behind this trend. It might be connected to changes in diet, insufficient physical activity, or other causes that remain unknown. As a result, it is extremely important for all people to be aware of the symptoms and consult their healthcare provider if they observe anything unusual.
How Is Colon Cancer Found?
The best way to find colon cancer early is through screening tests. These tests help detect signs of the cancer before it starts showing symptoms in your body. The most common test to identify the condition is a colonoscopy. During this test, a doctor looks inside your colon with a small camera. If they find any polyps, they can remove them before they turn into cancer.
How to Cure Colon Cancer?
Treatment depends on how early the cancer is detected and how far it has spread in the body.
- Surgery: By surgically removing the cancerous portion of the colon. Sometimes, this is all that is needed for treatment.
- Chemotherapy: Using strong medicines to kill the cancer cells helps a lot. This is often used if the cancer has spread already in the body.
- Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays helps to destroy cancer cells. This helps mostly for cancer if it is in the rectum.
- New Treatment: Doctors are also using newer medicines that help the body’s immune system fight cancer.
Can Cancer Be Prevented?
There are very few chances to prevent colon cancer, but you can lower the risk of having it. Here are some tips to follow:
- Eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Staying active and keeping a healthy weight
- Not smoking and limiting alcohol
- Getting regular check-ups and screening tests
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